Prakash laboratory conducts preliminary ...

Fearing

Asthma episodes are caused by the notorious pollution in Beijing, some athletes refused to events in the 2008 Summer Olympics, and other planned restoration therapy to protect their lungs from damage. As Chinese government officials have temporarily closed plants and limit traffic to reduce the particles that can trigger asthma episodes, Mayo Clinic researchers working on a more permanent solution to a huge burden on health systems, creating asthma. Mayo immunologist, who runs the clinic, has produced eight weeks of symptoms of asthma model mice by administration of antibodies recently identified as a potential method of cancer treatment. And the husband and wife team of research and are anesthesiologists and physiologists investigate cellular mechanisms in smooth muscle airways that trigger asthma episodes. During his stay in pediatric Japan, two of the most memorable patients Dr. Keith were young girls, which was very allergic to eggs and a teenager who does not respond well to asthma therapy. These young patients to lasix drug heart increase their motivation to study immunological responses to the environment. In 1988, Dr. Keith Mayo began doctoral fellowship in immunology. He quickly assimilated and adopted a joint research clinic on Wednesday. Returning home, he found that Japanese culture studies did not meet his temperament, and he decided to seek faculty positions back to Mayo. Many times, it helps the study were unplanned meetings, joint cooperation for the rich culture of Mayo. "All you have to do is go outside your office," says Dr. Kita. "And when you come up with other researchers and doctors, just ask what they do."

That was four years ago when he collided with, co-director. Dr. Pease excitedly told her. B7 is a family of natural molecules, which are the cells that activate T lymphocytes (immune cells). DC stands for dendritic cells, branched cells, which affixes the tumor surface. B7-DC antibody binds to B7-DC, to stimulate it. Research Dr. Pease demonstrated a method that uses B7-DC antibodies to prevent tumor growth (

Cancer Research in July 2004). "Larry observations suggested that the immune system can respond to autoimmune and allergic diseases is similar to how it reacts to cancer or cancer treatment," explains Dr. Keith. "But maybe it works differently."

In immunological diseases such as asthma, immune system reacts to the patient's environment, Dr. Keith suspect may be similar to the hyperactive response of cancer cell growth. He knew that cause cancer immunity, it is necessary to activate certain T cells. He suggested that cancer T-cell response may be appropriate, but the opposite effect on the overactive immune response. "It's almost like opposite sides of one coin," says Dr. Keith, describing how he came to his hypothesis. "We call upon the response of cancer patients in the immunotherapy of T-helper 1 (Th-1) response. But there are two types of reactions, Th-1 (good for cancer patients) and Th-2 (bad for patients with immunological or autoimmune diseases). For good health, should be a balance between Th-1 and Th-2 ".

B7-DC antibodies seems key to the control response. Then Dr. Keith wondered "what if you could manipulate the Th-1 and Th-2 balance of asthma patients using antibodies? Does that prevent overactive immune responses to the environment? "

Dr. Keith collaborated with Dr. pea on studies that showed B7-DC blocked inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract in experimental animals (

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , 2005

with further research in European Journal of Immunology, 2008

). Since antibodies currently in clinical trials performed in patients with melanoma have a testimony about how B7-DC affects people. Knowledge gained from the human research potential will accelerate delivery of B7-DC antibodies as a new treatment for patients with asthma worldwide. "Clinical trials may begin within three years," says Dr. Kita. Buildings, doctor. Prakash and Pabelick work side by side in their spectacular flower gardens and vegetable. At Mayo, they work side by side gathering knowledge of the laboratory of cellular physiology. This dynamic team met the study 10 years ago while studying calcium regulation in the laboratory physiologist

Their collaboration with Dr. Sieck, world-renowned expert on the smooth muscles of the airways, continues to this day. Dr. Prakash and Pabelick focus on advancing our understanding of how factors such as gender, and proteins such as neurotrophins and kaveolinom affect the physiological response airway smooth muscle in asthma. Scientists also anesthesitistsa that Dr. Prakash said, led him to more interested in airway smooth muscle research. "Classically, asthma wheezing illnesses," says Dr. Prakash. "When the attack is caused by environmental irritants such as industrial contaminants (eg in Beijing), airway smooth muscle constriction of bronchial openings shrink them to protect the body from inhaling potentially harmful substances."

As well as increasing muscle tissue as an athlete trains, bronchial airway smooth muscle walls thicken with asthma caused by episodes of contraction and relaxation, reduction of bronchial wall and further limit the exchange of air, causing shortness of breath sound. Not a good situation for anyone, let alone Olympic champion. Scientists call this thickening of the muscles "reconstruction." The more this happens, the more difficult to treat asthma. So the doctor.

Prakash and Pabelick looking for new ways to prevent excessive remodeling. Calcium is one of the most evolutionarily ancient cellular "signaling" molecules. Without it, muscles can not be reduced, including bronchial smooth muscle airways. When cells have too much calcium they contract too much wrong signal and provide inadequate answers to stimulationsuch, as in the more-reactive asthmatic smooth muscle airways. Research Dr. Pabelick found that one potential factor in the normal to abnormal calcium signaling is the presence kaveol, pit-like "scaffolding" structures within the cell membranes. Kaveol include many types of molecules that correspond to triggers, such as histamine and other factors that make smooth muscle is reduced. Dr. Pabelick and her team found that airway smooth muscle inflammation (as occurs in asthma) lead to higher levels kaveol and corresponding proteins, known as kaveolinom. Preliminary data show that if the respiratory tract tissue is not so much kaveol kaveolinom or less of calcium inside cells, which reduces the inflammatory response in the airways and reduces the "effect of reconstruction." Doctor Pabelick suggests that kaveol or proteins may be altered, leading to possible therapy for patients with asthma. Dr. Prakash Laboratory conducts a preliminary investigation to find out how and why men and women differ in frequency and severity of asthma. They focus on the role of sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. In a small preliminary clinical study to asthma in women, this new basic research can be based on violation. "We know that women are protected from coronary heart disease before menopause," says Dr. Prakash. "But some epidemiological data on asthma suggest that during puberty asthma is increased in girls, oral contraceptives can aggravate symptoms, and after menopause in women may be less asthma. On the other hand, women with asthma can be better when they are pregnant. So much more research is needed to understand the role of sex hormones in asthma. "

Laboratory study of how estrogen and progesterone affect the behavior of smooth muscle cell inflammation. Their goal is to find out the sex hormones will make things better or worse. Their results have the potential to determine the risks and benefits of estrogen replacement therapy and other similar approaches to address asthma in women during puberty, pregnancy and menopause. The third project is husband and wife team to explore how neurotrophins, agents that were previously considered to stimulate growth and development of the nervous system include mechanisms of smooth muscle airways. Dr. Prakash learned of neurotrophins, studying his PhD in Dr. Sieck in the early nineties. "While we thought worked their magic neurotrophins only in brain and spinal cord. We know that neurotrophins present in places that we had not expected them to, "says Dr. Prakash. They found two neurotrophins is in airway smooth musclebrain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophins-3. The presence of BDNF may affect the immune response, increasing the contraction of the smooth muscles of the airways. On the other hand, neurotrophins-3 tends to "dumb down" the answer, says Dr. Prakash. Create or neurotrophins breaking immune cells or smooth muscle itself, and understanding their role in the lung and the mechanisms that control them, will allow the team focused on these new mechanisms. Their goal will be to develop therapeutic agents for prevention of respiratory muscles smooth airway remodeling and hyperreactivity. Asthma is a complex, common and fatal disease. Mayo Clinic researchers working on bringing new treatments and potential cures for asthma patients worldwide. Prevention of remodeling, stop the overactive immune response in our environment, turn off this diseasethat Mayo researchers hope asthma. Kelly DeBrine, September 2008.

Get enough calcium and vitamin d (recommended

Many cases of osteoporosis in men related to age bone loss lasix without prescritpion, but at least half the cases due to some secondary cause. The most common secondary causes are: glucocorticoid medications (steroids used to treat diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis), hypogonadism (low testosterone levels, which can occur naturally or be caused by medications, cancer treatment, and many other factors) Alcohol abuseSmokingGastrointestinal disease (disease of stomach and intestines, which affects the absorption of bone building nutrients) hypercalciuria (too much calcium lost in urine) immobilization (prolonged bed rest) How can you protect your bones to help maintain bone health, the National Institute of Health (NIH) recommends the following strategy: Do not smoke. Reduce alcohol consumption.

Lift the weight. Resistance training (exercises with weights) has been shown to increase bone mass and strength. Get enough calcium and vitamin D (recommended amount of food for men aged 19-70 is 1000-1200 mg calcium and 200-400 IU vitamin D) Participate in weight-bearing exercise (eg walking, running, racket sports, climbing, weightlifting). Discuss medications that may affect bone loss with your doctor. .

Your sex - fractures from osteoporosis ...

What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis, "porous bone", is a disease that causes bones become fragile and brittle and very susceptible to fractures. These cracks are typically in the hip, spine and wrist. Fracture or fracture can have a huge impact on your life, leading to disability, pain and loss of independence. Fractures can make it very difficult to do daily activities without assistance. Osteoporosis Diagnosis? The best way to diagnose osteoporosis the bone mineral density test, called the test DEXA. It is recommended to get a bone density test if:

Results bone density test will give you a T-score. T-bill compares your bone density that the average healthy young adult of your gender. Below you will see how to interpret your T-score. Between 1 and 2. 5

= Your score is a sign of osteoporosis, the condition in which bone density below normal and can lead to osteoporosis

below -2. 5

Last osteoporosis was considered a disease of women. Now we know that men also have to worry about weak bones and are at risk of osteoporosis. In fact, one in four people over 50 will suffer damage caused by osteoporosis. Your sex - Fractures due to osteoporosis is approximately two times more common in women as in men. Age - Your bones become weaker with age. Ethnicity - Caucasian and Southeast Asia have a higher risk of osteoporosis, black and Hispanic men and women have a lower but still significant risk. Family history - After one family member with osteoporosis puts you at higher risk, as osteoporosis is genetic. The size of the body - face, thin or have small body frames are at greater risk because they have less bone mass. Smoking - Studies have shown that tobacco use contributes to weak bones. Corticosteroid medications - Prolonged use of prednisone, cortisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone, without prejudice to the bone. Breast cancer - women who have had breast cancer are at increased risk of osteoporosis, especially if they are treated with chemotherapy Diet

- diet lacks calcium, play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. Lack of exercise - exercise throughout life is important, but you can increase your bone density at any age. Alcohol abuse - Long-term abuse of alcohol reduces bone formation and prevents the body's ability to absorb calcium. It is never too late or too early for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Creating strong bones when you are young is the best protection against getting osteoporosis later in life. To improve bone health, use the following recommendations:

1. Adequate amount of calcium

The best way to treat and prevent osteoporosis, to get enough calcium and magnesium, trace elements, vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 in your diet. Osteoporosis is not only due to insufficient calcium intake, but because we do not get enough nutrients bone building in our diet. We recommend getting as much calcium from food in your diet as possible, and then fill with calcium deficiency with appropriate bone building ingredients included in the formula. 2. Vitamin D is required

To help your body absorb calcium is also important to get enough vitamin D. You can get vitamin D through sunlight and foods. You need 10-15 minutes of sunlight in the hands, arms and face two or three times a week to get enough vitamin D. Recent studies show you need more vitamin D, than was previously recommended. 3. Magnesium is important too

Magnesium and calcium work together to keep calcium in bones and your soft tissue. It is always better to get minerals from your diet, eating beans, vegetables (especially dark green leafy lasix 20 mg daily vegetables from chlorophyll). 4. Vitamin K2

There are many recent studies find Vitamin K2 is very important for bone health. Vitamin K is naturally produced by the body, so it should come from your diet. Learn more about

5. Exercise

bearing exercise that any activity in which your body works against gravity. Here are some examples: walking, dancing, running, climbing stairs, gardening, doing yoga, tai chi, hiking, playing tennis, or lifting weights all this helps! AlgaeCal Bone Health Program is a natural osteoporosis treatment that combines all of the above tips. This natural treatment of osteoporosis has AlgaeCal In addition, strontium and strengthening exercises weight bearing. AlgaeCal Plus is the only source of plant in the world also includes calcium and magnesium, trace elements, vitamin D3 and vitamin K2. Strontium Boost is a supplement consisting of strontium citrate, learn more about the rich mineral and building bones. AlgaeCal Plus and Strontium increase now clinically studied with excellent results in treating osteoporosis. Learn more about this natural osteoporosis treatment called >> << AlgaeCal Treatment NaturalPOsteoporosis worked George Smith

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Next, an agent appears on the screen ...

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corresponding protein surface of white blood cells or leukocytes. In the animation continues, more pathogens continue to provide white blood cells, making it ineffective. In response, the immune system, Y-shape antibodies begin attacking the pathogen, linking its surface proteins as the pathogen attempts to fix the blood cells. Antibodies completely block the pathogen from joining the blood cells, tagging agent so

, that one of the smaller cells of the immune system, macrophage, appears onscreen to engulf and digest the pathogen. Nucleus of the medicinal art is a leading creator and licensor medical illustration, 3D animation and interactive multimedia medical devices for medical, pharmaceutical companies, education, biotechnology, advertising agencies, lawyers, and more. Internet. If you like animation, like us at Facebook:

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. .

Incorrect classification of low bone mass, as ...

Go to the publisher. In a study of Bowden et al

vitamin D status reported 85 children, aimed at the pediatric clinic of metabolic bone. The authors concluded that vitamin D

total failure, even in children with recognized osteopenia and osteoporosis caused by primary metabolic bone disease

or secondary to chronic diseases. While interesting and provocative, several methodological flaws causing concern

validity of its findings and conclusions. One major problem is their use in the osteopenia and osteoporosis. Despite the recognition by the authors

no consensus criteria based on bone mineral density (IPC) for osteopenia or osteoporosis in children, they randomly

use IPC lumbar spine

g points from 1 . 0 and 2. 0 defines osteopenia and less than 2. 0 defines osteoporosis. ABOUT

d score of 1. 0 and 2. 0 is considered within normal limits for children. Determining that they use against

Published International Society for Clinical densitometry,

is recommended to use the terms low bone density for chronological age and below the expected range for age, if al the expense of less than 2. Is 0. We are also concerned that went wrong in correcting the source data to create ABOUT d points. For children with delayed linear growth and / or maturation, the International Society for Clinical densitometry has

recommended adjustment range ABOUT absolute height or height age, or comparing ON in pediatric reference data that provide

age-sex - and height concrete

d points. Although the authors did adjust for weight ABOUT sex and status, they do not adjust in height, which is likely

incorrectly classified the number of children. Incorrect classification of low bone mass as a result of misinterpretation dual energy X-ray

absorbtsiometrii results or incorrect use of reference data, as reported in the pediatric population. ,

Recent data do not allow to draw conclusions about the relationship between the IPC and low vitamin D status, as

all children referred to the bone clinic were included in the study, not only lasix heart medication with low defense. In addition, as

no control group and hypovitaminosis D is often in healthy children

conclusion that 80% of subjects were 25-hydroksyvytamyna D concentrations 30 ng / ml tells us about the relationship between minimum

vitamin D status and low defense. Although Bowden et al study showed that hypovitaminosis D was common in children called metabolic bone clinic,

one can not draw conclusions about the relationship between the level of vitamin D, low IPC and children's bone disease. This conclusion

research needs with the appropriate control group, even the population of the subject, and accurate determination of low

ABOUT. We appreciate the authors draw attention to this subject, however, we urge readers to evaluate their results with caution

subject to the limitations discussed above. .

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